Archive for the ‘Obesity’ Category

Penalized for extra pounds

Wednesday, August 27th, 2008

Starting in 2009 the state of Alabama is going to be charging people who are overweight (based on their BMI) as much as $25 more for health insurance if they do not lose weight within 1 year.

Now let me play devil’s advocate here. Will this motivate people to get in shape? Maybe. In the very least it is drawing attention to the issue of obesity and health concerns. I also applaud the decision to implement weight loss programs or discounts for gyms. Another step they could take is educating people on proper nutrition and fitness. Providing nutritionally balanced meals and getting rid of snack machines or pop machines could also be beneficial.

On the flip-side, what about the rights of the people that this new rule may concern? I don’t know about you but I feel I have the right to keep my weight to myself… it is a very private matter to me. Also, we can raise the question; “if this were concerning anything other than obesity would this be treated the same way?”

All of a sudden telling someone “I’m sorry but you have developed asthma/cancer/heart disease and if you cant get rid of that in a year we are going to charge you more” seems a little foot in mouth.

In the end all we can do is hope that this does help inspire some people to begin a healthier lifestyle, is it the right way to encourage this? That remains to be seen.

Here is a link to the full article:

http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20080825/alabama-obesity-penalty-stirs-debate

Rian

Is it okay for teenagers to have weight loss surgery?

Tuesday, August 26th, 2008

Being overweight and trying to lose the weight is not simple, it takes time and motivation. Think of all the yo-yo diets that you go through, the weight loss gadgets that you try like the Ab Doer or the Bun and Thigh Roller, or even maybe the weight loss pills that you pop like candy hoping for a miracle. Many people are left depressed praying for a miracle and they turn to weight loss surgery like the gastric band. After the procedure patients often say, “They wish they had done it sooner in their life and bypassed all the diets and gadgets they had tried in their past.”

So why not skip all these diets and get the procedure when you are a teenager? This is a very touchy subject with a lot of debate surrounding it. Some people believe teenagers should wait until they are mature enough to make this decision for themselves. However, say this was your child and for years you saw them struggling with their weight and it kept creeping up, with no success. What would you do?

Recently on “The Oprah Winfrey Show” a show re-aired once again featuring 2 teenagers who had the gastric band procedure. One of these was a 13 year old girl named Cassie who was one of the youngest patients to undergo the gastric banding procedure in the U.S.A. At 220 pounds with attempts at dieting and even consulting with a nutritionist, Cassie kept gaining weight. Her mother Jennifer said, “Every month, [she gained] between 5 to 8 pounds. … We don’t know where the weight was coming [from],” she says. “My biggest fear was mentally, Cassie would crash. She’d become depressed, she’d eat because of the depression, she’d stop sports, she’d stop being who she was.” After Jennifer learned that Cassie was being teased at school she decided to learn more about the procedure. Since being banded, Cassie has lost almost 80 pounds and has learned new eating habits, eating what she wants but in smaller portions.

A study done by physician-scientists from Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York-Presbyterian and Columbia University Medical Center, just released preliminary results, reporting that the small group of extremely obese teenagers who were banded, as part of a clinical trial lost on average 20 pounds after 6 months and, “had significant improvements in abdominal fat, triglyceride measurements (levels of fat in the blood) and blood sugar levels as measured by hemoglobin A1c — all risk factors for diabetes and heart disease.”

What do you think? Is it okay for teenagers to get the procedure? Post your comments here!

To learn more about Cassie’s story, please visit: http://www.oprah.com/slideshow/oprahshow/slideshow1_ss_slide_weight_020408tows/1

And to learn more about the medical study from Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York-Presbyterian and Columbia University Medical Center, please visit:

http://www.news-medical.net/?id=39350

 Hanna

Men do lose weight quicker and easier ladies… you aren’t imagining it!

Wednesday, July 30th, 2008

It has often been suggested that men don’t need to work as hard as women do to lose weight. If it wasn’t bad enough to wonder why men seem to lose inches and pounds more quickly, it’s almost worse to have it confirmed!

Leslie Beck has written an article that has caused a stir between the sexes again. The Toronto-based dietitian has explained in an article printed today in the Globe and Mail, why it is that men really do lose weight more efficiently on average than women.

The sad truth is that the key points she makes about a man’s general approach to body image, working out and eating are not crazy or unfounded.

It’s hard to convince some women that:

a) their worth is not equal to their weight;

b) building muscle mass will not make them look masculine;

c) we need to be at a healthy weight for our long term health more than for beauty or vanity.

Health IS beautiful!

Take the time to read this article and let us know your thoughts! THE FULL ARTICLE

How Keeping a Food Diary Can Double Your Weight Loss Success

Tuesday, July 8th, 2008

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Is it possible to lose weight by just keeping a food diary? Sounds too good to be true, however according to a study done by Kaiser Permanente’s Center for Health Research, keeping a food diary can help you double your weight loss.


How you ask? By keeping a record of what you are eating, it helps you take responsibility and identify your food choices. You have a clear view of what, when and why you are eating. It allows you to learn about your eating habits and the amount of calories you are consuming.


According to the study, “Those who kept daily food records lost twice as much weight as those who kept no records. It seems that the simple act of writing down what you eat encourages people to consume fewer calories.” After six months of following a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat or non-fat dairy, moderately exercising and the encouragement of a support group, the average weight loss was approximately 13 pounds.


Now doesn’t that get you motivated to pick up a piece of paper and jot down what you ate? Remember not to omit any information and do it right after eating; don’t depend on your memory. Most importantly, stay POSITIVE!


You can find more information about this study in the following article:

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080708080738.htm

Check out this link for ideas on how to keep a food journal:

http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/food/general-nutrition/299.html

The Great Weight Debate

Wednesday, June 11th, 2008

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Weight. More specifically being thin is closely associated with beauty, looking good and individual self esteem. All too often, our perception of beauty is derived from a collection of the hundreds of thousands of images each one of us sees over our lifetime.

These images, put in our face and at our fingertips by the media as well as the fashion and beauty industry, are not always images depicting overall health and wellness. What is more troubling are the mixed messages all of us receive from the media and our celebrity obsessed popular culture. It has left me wondering are North American’s thin, or are we obese?

According to the World Health Organization obesity has become more prevalent than ever before in North America. In fact the rate of obesity has grown so rapidly that experts have begun to describe this trend as an epidemic. Given the numerous serious health consequences associated with obesity, this terminology is not completely misplaced.

Rate of Obesity Canada USA Mexico
Male 28.4% 42.3% 30.3%
Female 29.5% 48.6% 44.2%

The chart above shows statistics found on the World Health Organization website. Each metric is the rate of obesity in the respective country for people aged 30+ with a BMI equal to or greater than 30.

Achieving overall wellness including a healthy body weight is a tug of every person faces over the course of a life time. Are we supposed to be as thin as the models we see everywhere from bus shelters, magazines and billboards? Or are we supposed to buy the burgers, fries and milkshakes advertised every second commercial on TV?

Recently a shift has taken place in the focus of some marketers. One such example is Dove with their Campaign for Real Beauty, which featured a number of television commercials illustrating the unhealthy images and beauty ideals the industry has been spoon feeding children and adults on a daily basis. The kicker…“No wonder our concept of beauty is distorted”. It is no wonder and personally, thinking about it…makes me want some chocolate!

Thankfully for people everywhere one voice of reason may help to encourage others! What people should be focused on is being healthy instead of thin. Given the 10 most common health side effects of obesity and their severity, a shift from ‘vanity insanity’ in favour of healthy living are sure to help us all avoid the following potentially fatal repercussions.

Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or use the hormone insulin correctly. There are two different types of Diabetes known as type 1 and type 2. Over 90% of all diabetes cases are type 2 which is strongly linked to obesity and physical inactivity. If left untreated high blood sugar levels and diabetes can cause heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, leg and foot amputations and complications during pregnancy. 1

Currently there are 17 million American’s livings with diabetes and another 6 million are unaware that they have the disease. Carrying extra body weight and body fat are directly related to the development of type 2 diabetes, as almost 90% of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight.2 Research studies have found that lifestyle changes and even small amounts of weight loss (5-10%) can prevent and even delay the development of type 2 diabetes in high risk adults. Managing your weight is the best thing you can do to prevent the development of diabetes.3

Stroke

Stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease; it affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. There are 2 types of stroke one in which a blood vessel within the brain clogs (approximately 83% of all cases)4 and the other occurs when a blood vessel ruptures (approximately 17% of all cases). Stroke can be caused by a number of factors including high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity and obesity.

In 2002 researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston determined for certain that obesity is a measurable risk factor for stroke in men. The study which lasted 12 years involved 21, 414 physicians who had their BMI recorded. In all 747 strokes were recorded. Researchers were able to determine using this information those men with a BMI equal to or greater than 30 increase their risk of stroke 6% with each unit increase of BMI (approximately 7.4 pounds for a 6 foot tall male).5

Another great way to assess your risk for stroke is by using waist circumference. Taking a measurement of your waist circumference is a strong way to predict your risk for both heart and stroke. For women the recommended waist measurement is no larger than 35 inches or 32 inches for people of Chinese or South Asian descent. For men the recommended waist measurement is no larger than 40 inches or 35 inches for people of Chinese or South Asian descent.6

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis are debilitating conditions that can, depending on the severity, severely cripple people, causing pain and detracting from overall quality of life. Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis are the most common joint disorders with symptoms in the hands, knees, hips, back and neck. Being overweight increases the weight placed on joints such as the knee, ultimately hastening the breakdown of cartilage. Overweight women have nearly four times the risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee, and overweight men have a five time greater risk of developing OA.7

Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea is defined as the cessation of breathing during sleep for at least 10 seconds. The most common form of Sleep Apnea is called obstructive Sleep Apnea. It is a potentially life threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.8

Sleep Apnea has a strong association with several diseases but is particularly related to the heart and circulatory system. Obesity is the cause of Sleep Apnea in some cases due to the deposition of fatty cells in throat tissue narrowing the airway.9

Gallbladder Disease

The gallbladder is part of a special system that has evolved to help the human body digest fat. The gallbladder holds bile and bile is essential to the emulsification of fat. The most common disorder of the gallbladder is gallstones. Gallstones occur frequently in developed countries and may be associated with eating a diet high in fat and refined carbohydrates.10

Obesity and being overweight are both significant risk factors for gallstones. In such cases the liver over produces cholesterol, which is delivered into the bile causing it to become supersaturated. Diets high in saturated fats and refined sugars are the primary culprit. Weight cycling (rapid weight loss and rapid weight gain) can further increase cholesterol production in the liver causing gallstones to form.11

Birth Defects

Pre-Pregnancy BMI has a strong association with certain birth defects. An American study conducted out of the University of Texas, involving 10,249 women found that women who are obese prior to pregnancy are at a higher risk of having a baby with certain birth defects, including missing limbs, malformed hearts and underdeveloped spinal cords.12

Obese women have higher rates of premature birth, are more likely to develop gestational diabetes and high blood pressure.13 The U.S. study found that there were 7 birth defects that were more common among obese mothers, they include:

Spina Bifida: or the incomplete development of the brain and spinal cord.
Heart defects: May include malformation of valves or leaks.
Anorectal Atresia: A malformation of the anal opening.
Hypospadias: abnormally placed urethral opening in males.
Limb reduction defects: May include small or missing toes, fingers, arms or legs.
Diaphragmatic Hernia: An opening in the diaphragm that allows abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity (may also result in underdeveloped lungs).
Omphalocele: When the intestines or other abdominal organs protrude through that navel.14

Infertility

Being overweight or obese can lead to infertility. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one such condition that is strongly associated with obesity. Women with PCOS have ovaries that produce high levels of male hormones, particularly testosterone. Women with PCOS tend to have absent periods and have an increased rate of type 2 diabetes and blood sugar abnormalities.15 All of which decrease the likelihood of conception and a healthy full term pregnancy.

An imbalanced level of male hormones inside a women’s body results in low levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) being produced. Without FSH stimulating egg production the follicles in the ovaries swell with fluid and form cysts, this process with repeat itself every time an egg become trapped. This can cause severe complications sometimes causing the ovary to swell to the size of a grapefruit.16

Lower Back Pain
People who carry an increased amount of weight especially around the belly tend to report lower back pain more frequently than people of normal weight. In fact a recent report found that obese people who underwent gastric bypass surgery reported 44% less lower back pain, six months after undergoing surgery.17

The study completed at the University of Southern California was presented at the American Association of Neurological Surgeons meeting. The average amount of weight loss for each patient was 85 pounds.

Depression

Obesity has been associated with a significant increase in lifetime diagnosis of major depression, particularly in women. According to a study that involved 9,125 obese respondents one 1:21 respondent had been diagnosed with major depression, 1:47 people had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 1:27 people had been diagnosed with a panic disorder or agoraphobia.18

The risk for developing depression due to obesity seems to be more prevalent among white, college graduates. Therefore, obesity is associated with a 25% increase in the odds of developing a mood or anxiety disorder. This correlation between the higher risk factor for depression among obese, white, educated people is believed to be attached with the stigma of obesity, illustrating that obesity is less socially acceptable within different socio-cultural groups.19

Gastric Reflux or GERD

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a digestive malady that affects the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). GERD can cause injury to the esophagus due to chronic exposure to stomach acid. When GERD occurs the muscle connecting the esophagus with the stomach the LES, allows food to pass back up into the esophagus.20

One of the most common causes of GERD in both men and women is obesity. Both obesity and GERD are highly prevalent diseases in Western societies. A 2003 Scandinavian study, one of the largest of its kind found that people who are overweight or obese may be up to six times more likely to suffer from GERD than a normal weight counterpart. The same study indicated that the higher the BMI of the patient the worse the reflux symptoms.21

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Obesity and even being just being a little overweight is without a doubt, one of foremost causes of many preventable conditions and illnesses. While being underweight has its share of problems associated with it as well, it is about time people stop looking at weight through a lens of vanity and start associating weight with overall health. After all a healthy body has no specific shape or size, just an owner who cares for it.

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1. The Obesity Society. 2008. Your Weight and Diabetes. http://www.obesity.org/information/diabetes_obesity.asp (accessed June 3, 2008)
2. The World Health Organization. 2008. Obesity and Overweight. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/ (accessed June 3, 2008)
3. The Obesity Society. 2008. Your Weight and Diabetes. http://www.obesity.org/information/diabetes_obesity.asp (accessed June 3, 2008)
4. American Heart Association. 2008. What is Stroke? http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3030066 (accessed June 3, 2008)
5. Harvard Gazette. 2002. Stroke risk form obesity is now measureable. http://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/2002/12.12/12-stroke.html (accessed June 4, 2008)
6. Heart & Stroke Foundation. 2008. Healthy Waists. http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.3876195/ (accessed June 4, 2008)
7. The Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. 2008. Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Osteoarthritis. http://www.hopkins-arthritis.org/patient-corner/disease-management/osteoandweight.html#joint (accessed June 4, 2008)
8. American Sleep Apnea Association. 1999. Sleep Apnea Information and Resources. http://www.stanford.edu/~dement/apnea.html#asaa (accessed June 3, 2008)
9. University of Maryland Medical Centre. 2008. Sleep Apnea: Risk Factors. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_causes_sleep_apnea_000065_3.htm (accessed June 4, 2008)
10. The University of Pennsylvania. 2008. Gall Bladder Disease. http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/surgery/clin/gi/gallblad.html (accessed June 3, 2008)
11. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2008. Gallstones and gallbladder disease. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/who_gets_gallstones_gallbladder_disease_000010_4.htm (accessed June 3, 2008)
12. Gardner, Amanda. 2007. Maternal Obesity Heightens Risk of Birth Defects. http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docid=607109 (accessed June 4, 2008)
13. 2002. Obesity link to birth defects. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1836423.stm (accessed June 4,2008)
14. Gardner, Amanda. 2007. Maternal Obesity Heightens Risk of Birth Defects. http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docid=607109 (accessed June 4, 2008)
15. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2008. Infertility in Women. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_causes_female_infertility_000022_4.htm (accessed June 3, 2008)
16. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2008. Infertility in Women. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_causes_female_infertility_000022_4.htm (accessed June 3, 2008)
17. 2008. Gastric Bypass May Also Relieve Low Back Pain. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/28/AR2008042801221.html (accessed June 3, 2008)
18. Simon, Gregory, MD. 2006. Association between Obesity and Psychiatric Disorders in the US Adult Population. http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/63/7/824 (accessed June 4, 2008)
19. Simon, Greg. 2006. Group Health study reveals significant link between obesity and depression. http://www.centerforhealthstudies.org/newsroom/newsrel/2006/060703.html (accessed June 4, 2008)
20. Janeway, Julie. 2008. GERD and the Obese Patient. http://www.obesityaction.org/resources/oacnews/oacnews6/obesityrelateddiseases.php (accessed June 4, 2008)
21. Janeway, Julie. 2008. GERD and the Obese Patient. http://www.obesityaction.org/resources/oacnews/oacnews6/obesityrelateddiseases.php (accessed June 4, 2008)

Think Thin…Think Serotonin

Monday, June 9th, 2008

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Serotonin the brain chemical that is strongly linked to happiness and appetite is believed to play a large role in fat gain. Findings published in the journal Cell Metabolism indicate that serotonin may also instruct the body to bypass fat and “may be the reason diets fail” according to Kaveh Asharif a metabolism expert from the University of California.

The study also indicates that serotonin may help the body decide whether to burn off excess calories or store them as fat. Serotonin is a nerve signalling hormone found in most antidepressants and is also released during exercise. According to Asharif an increased level of serotonin has long been known to result in a reduction of fat.

The study manipulated the serotonin level of roundworms who share about a 50% genetic similarity to humans. The research concluded that serotonin levels affected the worm’s appetite but it also affected fat accumulation. If the worms detected a food shortage their metabolisms made a shift towards fat storage.

Perhaps explaining why in some instances people who eat a healthy diet and participate in regular physical exercise, may be of a different weight than others who lead a similar lifestyle. However, there are natural ways to increase the level of serotonin in your body.

Weather through exercise or protein rich foods (both of which are very good for you) serotonin levels can be altered naturally. In fact exercise is becoming more commonly prescribed as a treatment for depression. This could also explain why many people who suffer from depression are also overweight or obese; although it is hard to say for certain which condition precedes the other.

Source:

Fox, Maggie. Mood hormone may affect fat, U.S study finds.” Reuters Health and Science, accesses June 3, 2008.

Probiotics Save the Day

Tuesday, May 27th, 2008
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According to a new study completed by the Stanford University School of Medicine, probiotics- the good bacteria found in yogurts and supplements help adult gastric bypass patients lose more weight. Dr. John M. Morton an associate professor at Stanford Medical School sought to improve the gastrointestinal (GI) functioning of gastric bypass patients,

who can have decreased GI functioning after surgery and happened upon the findings.

The team of Stanford doctors evaluated 44 patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery giving half of them probiotics daily and the other half nothing. The Probiotic recipients and non recipients were monitored for GI functioning as well as their weight before surgery, after surgery and at three and six months after beginning the probiotic treatment.

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According to Morton the probiotic recipients fared better in all categories by the six month mark and also lost more weight. More specifically the probiotic group lost 70% of their excess weight while the control group lost only 66% of their excess body weight.

Patients in the probiotic group were given 2.4 billion lactobacilli daily- more than you will find in one serving of yogurt! This study suggests that the cause of obesity may be partly bacterial, although genetics, diet and exercise all play a role. Although eating yogurt defiantly won’t hurt you, ingesting 2.4 billion lactobacilli daily would be almost impossible unless prescribed by a physician.


Sources:
Martha Kerr: http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080522/hl_nm/probiotics_bypass_dc;_ylt=Av9eo6duHK6eSB5LnXTA5ADVJRIF

KathleenDoheny:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20080523/hl_hsn/probioticshelpadultweightlossafterbariatricsurgery;_ylt=AjkEwkXAvdbX_LcNbtl8tYyISbYF

Treating Symptoms will not Decrease Cardiovascular Risks for Obese

Wednesday, May 14th, 2008
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Treating the symptoms of obesity with blood pressure medications, cholesterol drugs, blood thinners and insulin will not be enough to protect many obese people from suffering a serious heart attack or stroke. The only way to treat the obesity epidemic according to the Wake Forest University School of Medicine is to prevent obesity and assist obese patients in achieving healthy weight loss once and for all.

The study which followed 6, 814 men and women ages 45- 84 showed an even greater prevalence of overweight and obese people than in similar studies conducted even 5 years earlier.

Dr. Gregory Burke author of the Wake Forest study notes that no more than a decade ago experts and physicians believed that treating the heart related risks of obesity such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and glucose intolerance would counterbalance the effects of obesity. This could not be further from the truth, treating symptoms rather than the root cause of cardiovascular disease may cause us to see an increase in the mortality rate due to heart disease after nearly 50 years of decline.

Ultimately, it is treating the cause of a patient’s heart disease, rather than the symptoms of an unhealthy heart that will help people prevent heart disease from occurring. Popping pills will not make everything OK, at risk individuals need to make healthy lifestyle changes including diet and regular exercise to achieve a healthy weight and prevent cardiovascular disease.Prevention is the key, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and healthy body weight will prevent most known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

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Fat but Fit? Can exercise in overweight people prevent the risk of heart attack?

Friday, May 2nd, 2008

Research has waffled back and forth for some time over the fat but fit debate. Does exercise or weight have a greater influence over an individual’s heart disease risk? New research indicates that body weight, regardless of your level of fitness still has a profound impact on your heart.

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The study discovered that compared with their normal weight active counterparts, overweight active women still suffered a 54% greater risk of developing heart disease and obese active women had an 87% higher risk of developing heart disease. Overweight and obese inactive women had the greatest increased risk overall of developing heart disease. Indicating that exercise while helpful does not altogether eliminate the need to maintain a healthy BMI.

Excess weight can increase an individual’s blood pressure, cholesterol as well as increase the risk of developing diabetes, heart disease and cancer. While exercise combats all 4 health problems it will not nullify the effects excess weight has on your heart and overall health.

The message is clear exercise is good for you no matter what your body mass index is. However, maintaining a healthy weight is the most important factor in preventing heart disease, diabetes and cancer.

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The study involved nearly 39,000 women of approximately 54 years of age. Women were considered active if they took part in a self reported, 30 minutes of moderate activity such as walking or jogging most days of the week, while women who participated in less than this were considered inactive. Weight was evaluated according to Body Mass Index: a BMI of 25- 30 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or greater is considered obese. Visit the Archives of Internal Medicine for more information.

U.S makes WHO’s short list of Worlds Most Obese Countries

Thursday, April 17th, 2008
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Being named one of the World Health Organization ten most obese countries has got to bruise the national ego. What is more, of the 10 countries to gain this robust reputation only 2, Kuwait and the United States are non-Pacific Island nations. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention there has been a dramatic increase in the rate of obesity in the United States over the past 20 years. So much so that in 2006 only four states had an obesity prevalence of less than 20%. It seems that being obese is about as American as apple pie.

So, why are so many Americans obese? When we compare American statistics to Canadian statistics, Canadian obesity while also on the rise has not reached the epic proportions found in the United States. Canada is currently ranked 35th on WHO’s list. Pretty dismal considering most of Canada is covered in ice and snow for 6 months of the year! Is the cause genetic, social, environmental, socio-economic or cultural? WHO points to the shift in diet towards energy dense foods high in fat and sugars but low in micro nutrients, an overall decrease in physical activity due to sedentary forms of work, reliable transportation and urbanization as causes of obesity.

WHO estimates that there are currently 1.6 billion overweight adults in the world, a number that is projected to increase by another 40% within 10 years. The population of the United States is 301,139,947 (estimated in July 2007) and 74.1% of American’s are overweight or obese. This means that approximately 223,144,701 people in America are facing very serious obesity related health consequences such as heart attack, stroke, diabetes and hypertension.

In general the classification of “overweight” and “obese” are based on individual Body Mass Index or BMI. Body Mass Index is the most widely used tool to determine healthy body weight. BMI measures your weight relative to your height and provides you with a numeric measurement. People are considered overweight if they have a BMI equal or greater than 25, while the term obese applies to people with a BMI of 30 or more.

Just in case you were curious here is a list of the 10 most obese countries and some links to other related articles.

Country % of population considered
overweight or obese
Description
1. Nauru 94.5% A small island in the Pacific
2. Micronesia 91.1% A small island nation between Hawaii and Indonesia
3. The Cook Islands 90.9% Of a population of approximately 14,000, roughly 13,000 are obese
4. Tonga 90.8% Tongans are genetically predisposed to gaining weight
5. Niue 81.7% Another remote South Pacific Island. Here obesity is seen as a sign of wealth
6. Samoa 80.4% Biological anthropologists believe that Samoans genetics favour calorie storage as fat tissue. This type of trait is prevalent in communities that have historically experienced food shortages
7. Palau 91.1% Another island. Obesity here is attributed to lack of availability of fresh fruits and vegetables
8. Kuwait 74.2% One of only 2 countries not in located in the South Pacific. Kuwait has the highest number of overweight people of all Arab nations. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death
9. United States of America 74.1% It is estimated that 237 million Americans are currently overweight
10. Kiribati 73.6% A cluster of 33 islands in the South Pacific with few natural resources. Kiribati’s problem with obesity can be rooted back to their reliance on high fat imports and little availability of fruits and vegetables

World Health Organization, Obesity and Overweight, September, 2006. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html (April 7, 2008)